发布：西溪湿地
媒体：原创 作者：刘想 摘编
2008-7-6 10:19:10
中国杭州西溪第二届湿地论坛论文摘要选编1
2006年10月，由国家林业局主办，浙江省林业厅和杭州市人民政府联合承办的2006中国杭州西溪第二届湿地论坛在杭州召开，来自国内外的200多名专家学者、湿地管理等有关人员参加了本次论坛。论坛共搜集到论文40篇，现先刊发其中四篇（均为中英文对照），在不远的将来，我们将陆续刊出其他36篇，敬请关注。
论文摘要一：
Wetland parks – wetland CEPA – and the Ramsar Convention
Ramsar Convention Secretariat
The Ramsar Convention has identified CEPA as a key cross-cutting area in the wise use of wetlands and, since 1999, has had a specific programme of work on CEPA for wetlands that all Contracting Parties are expected to implement. The overall vision of the Programme is: People acting for the wise use of wetlands.
Thus the programme aims to raise awareness of wetland values and functions and also to ensure that people act in a way that achieves sustainable use of wetlands. The targets of the Programme are many: basically everyone whose behaviour may directly or indirectly affect wetlands.
The Programme recognizes wetland centres at Ramsar Sites and other wetlands as key places for learning and training about wetlands and wetland-related CEPA. The nominated National CEPA Focal Points (government and NGO) have a central role in collaborating with these centres. The programme also sees a significant role for the Wetland Link International wetland centre network in linking centres and sharing information and skills at the international, regional and local level.
In planning for wetland CEPA, the Programme advocates taking a strategic approach to identifying wetland CEPA needs and opportunities, as well as the target groups involved, and then developing CEPA activities to address these needs. While wetland parks (wetlands and their visitor centres) can achieve this individually, working in collaboration with the CEPA National Focal Points would allow the development of coherent CEPA planning at national and local levels.
Key words: Wetland Parks; Wetland CEPA; Ramsar Convention
湿地公园－湿地交流、教育及公众意识(CEPA)－与拉姆萨尔公约
Sandra Hails
拉姆萨尔公约秘书处
拉姆萨尔公约已认为CEPA是实现湿地合理利用的一条重要捷径。自1999年以来，公约已经有了一个所有公约缔约方都期望履行的湿地CEPA具体工作计划。这个计划就是：“行动起来，确保湿地的合理利用”。
该计划的目的在于提高对湿地功能和价值认识，同时保证人们通过一种方式实现湿地的可持续合理利用。该计划实施的基本目标是针对直接或间接影响湿地的那些人。
在这个计划中，位于拉姆萨尔湿地和其他湿地内的教育中心被认为是培训和学习有关湿地及开展CEPA活动的重要场所。指定的国家CEPA负责人（政府和非政府组织）在协调这些湿地中心发挥了核心作用。而且，在湿地网络国际(WLI)的湿地中心网中，从国际、区域和当地层面上，他们对连接这些中心并使之共享信息和技术等方面也具有重要的作用。
在湿地CEPA计划中，计划倡导采用一种战略方式来确定湿地CEPA的需求、机遇和相关的目标群体，并针对这些需求，确定CEPA的活动。当湿地公园（湿地和湿地的访客中心）对此能够单独完成时，与国家CEPA负责人密切合作就能够制定国家和地方层次的CEPA计划。
关键词： 湿地公园 湿地交流、教育及公众意识(CEPA) 拉姆萨尔公约
论文摘要二：
Wetland Link International (WLI)
WLI and Head of Learning, Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (WWT), UK
Wetland centres and parks have great potential for developing and delivering CEPA programmes for numerous audiences. They may be active in formal (school/university) and nonformal (general public) learning contexts with spheres of influence ranging from Government to grassroots community levels. Wetland centres’ importance is recognised by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
This paper considers the diversity of wetland centres worldwide and their potential in delivering CEPA for the sustainable wise use of wetlands. Points are illustrated by case studies, with particular reference to the WWT London Wetland Centre in the UK.
Wetland centres and parks may be even more effective if they work together to build capacity and share ideas/expertise at national, regional and international level. Wetland Link International (WLI) - exists to facilitate this. WLI has more than 300 members in 60 countries (including China) on six continents. The paper will outline the benefits of joining the WLI network (both for centres and Ramsar COPs) and give examples where networking has improved the effectiveness of CEPA for wetlands.
For wetland centres/parks and associated professionals, there will be an opportunity to join WLI free of charge.
Key words: WWT; WLI; CEPA;
湿地国际网络(WLI)
--世界湿地中心网
Malcolm Whitehead
英国湿地国际网络（WLI），野禽与湿地基金会(WWT)
湿地中心和公园具有巨大的潜力，面向成千上万的观众推进和实施“湿地交流、教育及公众意识”(CEPA)计划。它们可以在正式的（如学校／大学）或非正式（如一般观众）的学习环节中发挥积极作用，从官方层面到基层的社区层面产生广泛影响。湿地中心的重要性已经得到了《湿地公约》的认可。
本文阐述了世界范围内湿地中心的多样性和它们为实现湿地可持续合理利用、实施CEPA计划的潜力。其要点将通过几个研究案例进行论述，特别是以英国野禽与湿地基金会(WWT)伦敦湿地公园为例。湿地中心和公园如果能够在国家范围内、区域间或国际间一起合作，从而对提高能力并分享理念和知识，也许会更有效益。湿地国际网络 (WLI)组织的产生旨在促进这样的合作。WLI 现有300多名会员，来自6大洲的60多个国家（包括中国）。本文将概述加入湿地国际网络组织（对湿地中心和湿地公约缔约方大会）所带来的裨益并举例说明该网络系统已经对促进湿地有效实施CEPA计划所产生的成效。
对湿地中心和公园及其相关专业人员，将有机会免费加入湿地国际网络(WLI)。
关键词： 野禽与湿地基金会(WWT) 湿地国际网络(WLI) 湿地交流、教育及公众意识(CEPA)
论文摘要三：
Carl C. Trettin Habin Li
Center for Forested Wetlands Research, US Forest Service
Wetland forests are integral to the terrestrial landscape, providing critical areas for wildlife habitat, water quality improvement, and both natural and cultivated foods and raw materials. Hence a functional basis for forested wetland restoration is important to addressing mitigation needs and restoration of drained or degraded wetlands. Forested wetlands encompass a wide range of hydro-geomorphic settings, which is also the most important factor affecting wetland function. Forested wetlands occur in floodplains, flats, depressions, lacustrine fringe zones, with water inputs from both groundwater and precipitation. Understanding this hydro-geomorphic context is fundamental to design of a successful restoration project. Similarly, forested wetland soils can vary from mineral soils to deep organic soils, and their occurrence often co-varies with the hydro-geomorphology. Finally, the vegetative community is inextricably linked to both the soil and hydro-geomorphic setting.
The design of a wetland restoration project must be based on concise objectives, which will in turn guide the approach and subsequent effectiveness monitoring. Site conditions will influence the type of site preparation required and the appropriate species mix. There are a number of planting techniques including under-planting which yields a multi-story stand quickly, while allowing the establishment of shade-tolerant species. The use of tubes is a good practice protecting seedlings from herb ivory and enhancing early growth. Hydrologic monitoring is the most important aspect of post-restoration assessments, because it affects most other wetland functions. The approach will be project dependent, but a common attribute should include water table depth throughout the wetland. The prime difference in a forested wetland restoration project, as compared to shrub or herbaceous communities is the length of time required to achieve closed canopy, forest conditions; which may be 10-20 years in temperate to sub-boreal areas. Accordingly, establishing whether the restoration objectives have been achieved may require a longer assessment period than the 3-5 years which is common.
Key words: wetland restoration; restoration assessments
拯救功能性湿地
--功能评定、设计和估价
Carl C. Trettin Habin Li
美国林务局森林湿地研究中心
森林湿地是陆地景观的组成部分，它为野生生物提供了重要栖息地、改进水质、提供自然和人工栽培食物以及原材料。因此，对森林湿地恢复而言，其基本功能对缓解需求和解决被排水或退化湿地具有十分重要的意义。森林湿地包含大范围的水文地形环境，这也是影响湿地功能的最重要因素。森林湿地出现在冲击平原、低湿滩地、凹洼地、湖沼地边缘地带，其水体来自地下水和降雨。了解这些水文地形含义对设计一个成功的恢复项目非常重要。类似的，森林化湿地的土壤从矿物质土到深层有机土有各种不同变化，而且这种变化伴随着水文地形的变化而变化。同时，植物群落与土壤和水文地形环境两者密不可分。
湿地恢复项目的设计必须基于简明的目的，能够便于实施和有效监测。立地条件将影响立地准备和适宜树种混交类型的选择。这里有几种植被栽植技术，如林下栽植，能够很快形成复合林分，同时适宜耐阴物种的生长。试管的使用是一项很好的保护种子出芽并促进早期生长的方式。水文监测是恢复项目后评估极其重要的一个方面，因为它影响到湿地的其他大多数功能。监测方法根据不同的项目而定，但是通常的因素应该包括整个湿地的水面深度。与灌木或草本群落相比较，森林湿地恢复的主要差异在于达到郁闭的时间和森林状况，从温带到次北半球北部山区的时间差异也许在10－20年。相应地，确定是否已经达到恢复的目的也许需要更长的时间而不是通常的3－5年。
关键词：湿地恢复 恢复评价
论文摘要四：
Hong Kong Wetland Park
-----A New Green Tourism Attraction in Hong Kong
LAM Yui-fing, Edmond
Hong Kong Wetland Park, Agriculture,Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong
The Hong Kong Wetland Park (HKWP) is a Millennium Capital Works project designated by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China. Located in north western Tin Shui Wai, Hong Kong, HKWP has a mission to be a facility for tourism and conservation education. It has an interactive visitor centre of 10,000 square-metres plus a 60-hectare re-created wetland reserve packed with wetland wonders. The HKWP combines nature’s beauty with the sophisticated exhibitory of a modern museum. It has incorporated various state-of-the-art features expressing its ecological characters while being an environmental friendly building. Opened on 20 May 2006, HKWP has attracted some 380,000 visitors in the first three months’ operations.
HKWP is managed and operated by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of the Government of HKSAR and it is the management’s aim to provide a pleasant, attractive, safe and unique environment for visitors to appreciate the fantastic world of wetlands. Apart from HKWP staff, volunteers play an essential role in HKWP in providing excellent interpretative service to visitors. We have currently recruited more than 1300 volunteers for wetland conservation works and wetland interpretation programmes at HKWP.
The HKWP is also planned to be a hub of wetland conservation education. In collaboration with the Education and Manpower Bureau, schools and local green groups, HKWP has developed comprehensive Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA) programmes to promote conservation education. To support the establishment of Wetland International Link – Asia (WLI-Asia), the HKWP will host the WLI-Asia Workshop in January 2007 and establish a new WLI-Asia website to promote experience sharing on wetland park management and CEPA programmes among members of the network.
Key words: Wetland Park; Green Tourism; Education
香港湿地公园 – 香港绿色旅游新景点
香港渔农自然护理署香港湿地公园
香港湿地公园是中国香港特别行政区政府所指定的千禧年发展项目。公园位于香港天水围西北部，旨在发展为一个自然护理教育及旅游设施。公园设有一个占地一万平方米的湿地互动世界及六十公顷充满湿地奇趣的人工再造湿地保育区。湿地公园结合了自然美景及现代博物馆式的先进展览。湿地公园建筑不仅符合了当今最新水平的建筑特色，同时兼顾保护环境及融入生态的概念。 香港湿地公园在今年5月20日开幕，短短三个月已经吸引了超过三十八万名访客。
湿地公园现正由香港特区政府渔农自然护理署管理及操作。公园的管理目标是提供一个舒适、引人入胜、安全而又独特的环境供市民欣赏湿地的美丽景色。除公园员工外，还有义工为湿地公园提供优秀的导赏服务。公园现已招募了超过1300名义工来协助公园进行自然保育工作，并为公园访客提供优质导赏服务，协助推行教育工作。
湿地公园还是一个自然保育教育的接驳站，公园与香港教育统筹局、学校及本地绿色团体携手合作，提供一个全方位的宣传、教育及公众教育计划以推广自然保育教育工作。公园亦为湿地国际网络――亚洲区提供协助，计划于2007年1月举办湿地国际网络――亚洲区工作坊并建立相关网页以提供一个互联网平台供亚洲区内湿地公园人员交流经验及开展教育工作。
关键词：湿地公园 绿色旅游 自然教育
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